NEWS

A CASE STUDY FOR EVALUATING FACEBOOK PAGES WITH RESPECT TO ARAB MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA


(Received: 2017-06-13, Revised: 2017-08-10 , Accepted: 2017-09-04)
In this paper, we propose a framework to analyze and evaluate social networking pages based on usage data with respect to Arab mainstream news media. The paper introduces new metrics such as: Page Penetration and Ranking Index, as well as new evaluation methods. The framework considers the twenty-two Arab countries in addition to seven Facebook pages that belong to seven prominent Arab satellite channels. The proposed framework is used to evaluate countries for their Internet and Facebook penetration rates, as well as consumption of news through those pages. Results reveal that Arabs highly credit natively Arabic news media rather than news media that only speak Arabic. Furthermore, 65% of the Arab countries have more than 50% Facebook users who are news consumers via Facebook. Additionally, Arab countries that suffered unrest, civil war or political crises in the recent years show higher page penetration rates, such as Yemen, Syria, Egypt and Libya.

[1] D. M. Boyd and N. B. Ellison, "Social Network Sites: Definition, History and Scholarship," Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 210-230, 2007.

[2] A. M. Kaplan and M. Haenlein, "Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media," Business Horizons, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 59-68, 2010.

[3] H. G. D. Zuniga, N. Jung and S. Valenzuela, "Social Media Use for News and Individuals’ Social Capital, Civic Engagement and Political Participation," Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 319–336, 2012.

[4] A. Sleit and E. Al-Nsour, "Corner-based Splitting: An Improved Node Splitting Algorithm for R-tree," Journal of Information Science, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 222-236, 2014.

[5] A. Sukhu, T. Zhang and A. Bilgihan, "Factors Influencing Information-Sharing Behaviors in Social Networking Sites," Services Marketing Quarterly, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 317-334, 2015.

[6] E. Gilbert, S. Bakhshi, S. Chang and L. Terveen, ""I Need to Try This"?: A Statistical Overview of Pinterest," in: CHI '13: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Paris, France, 2013.

[7] Q. Xiao, W. Zhuang and M. K. Hsu, "Using Social Networking Sites: What is the Big Attraction? Exploring a Mediated Moderation Relationship," Journal of Internet Commerce, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 45- 64, 2014.

[8] N. N. Bazarova, "Contents and Contexts: Disclosure Perceptions on Facebook," in: CSCW '12: Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2012.

[9] W. Dong, V. Dave, L. Qiu and Y. Zhang, "Secure Friend Discovery in Mobile Social Networks," Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Shanghai, China, 10-15 April 2011.

[10] K. Sorathia and A. Joshi, "My World – Social Networking through Mobile Computing and Context Aware Application," in: Intelligent Interactive Assistance and Mobile Multimedia Computing: International Conference (IMC 2009), Rostock-Warnemunde, Germany, 9-11 November 2009. Proceedings, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 179-188, 2009.

[11] B. A. Mahafzah, A. Sleit, N. A. Hamad, E. F. Ahmad and T. M. Abu-Kabeer, "The OTIS Hyper Hexa- cell Optoelectronic Architecture," Computing, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 411-432, 2012.

[12] A. Mare, "A Complicated but Symbiotic Affair: The Relationship between Mainstream Media and Social Media in the Coverage of Social Protests in Southern Africa," Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 83-98, 2013.

[13] A. Hermida, F. Fletcher, D. Korell and D. Logan, "SHARE, LIKE, RECOMMEND: Decoding the Social Media News Consumer," Journalism Studies, vol. 13, no. 5-6, pp. 815-824, 2012.

[14] W. Stassen, "Your News in 140 Characters: Exploring the Role of Social Media in Journalism," Global Media Journal - African Edition, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 116-131, 2010.

[15] G. Lotan, E. Graeff, M. Ananny, D. Gaffney, I. Pearce and D. Boyd, "The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows during the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions," International Journal of Communication, vol. 5, pp. 1375–1405, 2011.

[16] A. Sleit, I. Salah and R. Jabay, "Approximating Images Using Minimum Bounding Rectangles," 1st International Conference on the Applications of Digital Information and Web Technologies (ICADIWT 2008), pp. 394-396, Ostrava, Czech Republic, 4-6 Aug. 2008.

[17] O. Murad, A. Sleit and A. Sharaiah, "Improving Friends Matching in Social Networks Using Graph Coloring," International Journal of Computers & Technology, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 7028-7034, 2016.

[18] C. S. Lee and L. Ma, "News Sharing in Social Media: The Effect of Gratifications and Prior Experience," Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 28, pp. 331–339, 2012.

[19] A. Sleit, A. L. A. Dalhoum, I. Al-Dhamari and A. Awwad, "Efficient Enhancement on Cellular Automata for Data Mining," Proceedings of the 13th WSEAS International Conference on Systems, pp. 616-620, 2009.

[20] Ekta, S. Dhawan and K. Singh, "Feature Extraction and Content Investigation of Facebook Users’ Using Netviz and Gephi," Advances in Computer Science and Information Technology (ACSIT), vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 262-265, 2016.

[21] A. O. Larsson, "I Shared the News Today, Oh Boy," Journalism Studies, pp. 1-19, 2016.

[22] A. Sleit, "On Using B+-tree for Efficient Processing for the Boundary Neighborhood Problem," WSEAS Transactions on Systems, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 711-720, 2008.

[23] M. Magnusson, "Facebook Usage during a Flood – A Content Analysis of Two Local Governments’ Facebook Pages," The 27th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Wollongong, pp. 1-11, 2016.

[24] S. Hille and P. Bakker, "I like News. Searching for the ‘Holy Grail’ of Social Media: The Use of Facebook by Dutch News Media and Their Audiences," European Journal of Communication, vol. 28, no. 6, p. 663–680, 2013.

[25] S. Valenzuela, A. Arriagada and A. Scherman, "The Social Media Basis of Youth Protest Behavior: The Case of Chile," Journal of Communication, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 299–314, 2012.

[26] A. Ju, S. H. Jeong and H. I. Chyi, "Will Social Media Save Newspapers?" Journalism Practice, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2014.

[27] S. Lysak, M. Cremedas and J. Wolf, " Facebook and Twitter in the Newsroom: How and Why Is Local Television News Getting Social with Viewers?," Electronic News, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 187-207, 2012.

[28] "Country Codes List - ISO ALPHA-2, ISO ALPHA-3 and Numerical Country Codes - Nations Online Project," One World, [Online], Available: http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/country_code_list .htm.[Accessed 1-12-2016].

[29] "ISO 3166 - Country Codes - ISO," ISO, [Online], Available: http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/ country_codes.htm.[Accessed 1-12-2016].

[30] "Internet World Stats," [Online], Available: http://www.internetworldstats.com/.[Accessed 1-12-2016].

[31] "Population, Total Data," The World Bank, 14 10 2016, [Online], Available: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2015&start=1960.[Accessed 1 12 2016].

[32] B. Rieder, "Studying Facebook via Data Extraction: The NetVizz Application," in: Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM Web Science Conference, pp. 346-355, Paris, France, 2-4 May 2013.

[33] A. Al-Shaikh, H. Khattab, A. Sharieh and A. Sleit, "Resource Utilization in Cloud Computing As an Optimization Problem," International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 336-342, 2016.