NEWS

BRAIN-INSPIRED SPIKING NEURAL NETWORKS FOR WI-FI BASED HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION


(Received: 17-Aug.-2021, Revised: 12-Oct.-2021 , Accepted: 31-Oct.-2021)
Human activities can be recognized through reflections of wireless signals which solve the problem of privacy concerns and restriction of the application environment in vision-based recognition. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) for human activity recognition (HAR) using Wi-Fi signals have been proposed in this work. SNNs are inspired by information processing in biology and processed in a massively parallel fashion. The proposed method reduces processing resources while still maintaining accuracy through using frail but robust to noise spiking signals information transfer. The performance of HAR by SNNs is compared with other machine learning (ML) networks, such as LSTM, Bi-LSTM and GRU models. Significant reduction in memory usage while still having accuracy that is on a par with other ML networks has been observed. More than 70% saving in memory usage has been achieved in SNNs compared with the other existing ML networks, making SNNs a potential solution for edge computing in industrial revolution 4.0.

[1] C. Jobanputra, J. Bavishi and N. Doshi, "Human Activity Recognition: A Survey," Procedia-Computer Science, vol. 155, no. 2018, pp. 698–703, DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2019.08.100, 2019.

[2] S. Yousefi, H. Narui, S. Dayal, S. Ermon and S. Valaee, "A Survey on Behaviour Recognition Using WiFi Channel State Information," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 98–104, 2017.

[3] J. Yang, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Wu, T. Li and Y. Yang, "A Framework for Human Activity Recognition Based on WiFi CSI Signal Enhancement," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2021, DOI: 10.1155/2021/6654752, 2021.

[4] Z. Chen, L. Zhang, C. Jiang, Z. Cao and W. Cui, "WiFi CSI Based Passive Human Activity Recognition Using Attention Based BLSTM," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 2714–2724, DOI: 10.1109/TMC.2018.2878233, 2019.

[5] R. N. S. Husna, A. R. Syafeeza, N. A. Hamid, Y. C. Wong and R. A. Raihan, "Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection Using Deep Learning," Jurnal Teknologi, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 45–52, DOI: 10.11113/JURNALTEKNOLOGI.V83.16389, 2021.

[6] D. Azzouz and S. Mazouzi, "A Hyper-surface-based Modeling and Correction of Bias Field in MR Images," Jordanian Jour. of Computers and Information Technology (JJCIT), vol. 7, no. 3, p. 223, 2021.

[7] Y. C. Wong, L. J. Choi, R. S. S. Singh, H. Zhang and A. R. Syafeeza, "Deep Learning-based Racing BIB Number Detection and Recognition," Jordanian Journal of Computers and Information Technology (JJCIT), vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 181–194, DOI: 10.5455/JJCIT.71-1562747728, Dec. 2019.

[8] D. Singh et al., "Human Activity Recognition Using Recurrent Neural Networks," Proc. of the Int. Cross-domain Conf. for Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (CD-MAKE 2017), pp. 267–274, vol. 10410 LNCS, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66808-6_18, 2017.

[9] Y. Wang, J. Liu, Y. Chen, M. Gruteser, J. Yang and H. Liu, "E-eyes: Device-free Location-oriented Activity Identification Using Fine-grained WiFi Signatures," Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pp. 617–628, DOI: 10.1145/2639108.2639143, 2014.

[10] W. Wang, A. X. Liu, M. Shahzad, K. Ling and S. Lu, "Device-free Human Activity Recognition Using Commercial WiFi Devices," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1118–1131, DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2017.2679658, 2017.

[11] Z. Wang et al., "A Survey on Human Behavior Recognition Using Channel State Information," IEEE Access, vol. 7, no. October, pp. 155986–156024, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2949123, 2019.

[12] S. M. Bokhari, S. Sohaib, A. R. Khan, M. Shafi and A. R. Khan, "DGRU Based Human Activity Recognition Using Channel State Information," Measurement, vol. 167, p. 108245, 2021. [13] W. Maass, "Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of Neural Network Models," Neural Networks, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1659–1671, 1997. 

[14] S. Ghosh-Dastidar and H. Adeli, "Spiking Neural Networks," International Journal of Neural Systems, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 295–308, DOI: 10.1142/S0129065709002002, Aug. 2009.

[15] H. Hazan, D. J. Saunders, H. Khan, D. Patel and D. T. Sanghavi, "BindsNET: A Machine Learning- oriented Spiking Neural Networks Library in Python," Frontiers. Neuroinformatics, vol. 12, no. December, pp. 1–18, DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00089, 2018.

[16] B. Meftah, O. Lézoray, S. Chaturvedi, A. A. Khurshid and A. Benyettou, "Image Processing with Spiking Neuron Networks," Stud. Comput. Intell., vol. 427, pp. 525–544, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642- 29694-9_20, 2013.

[17] W. N. Lo and Y. C. Wong, "Spiking Neural Network for Energy Efficient Learning and Recognition," International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 166–174, 2020.

[18] M. Alawad, H. J. Yoon and G. Tourassi, "Energy Efficient Stochastic-based Deep Spiking Neural Networks for Sparse Datasets," Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Big Data (Big Data), vol. 2018-Jan., pp. 311–318, DOI: 10.1109/BigData.2017.8257939, Boston, MA, USA, 2017.

[19] T. Obo, N. Kubota and B. Hee Lee, "Localization of Human in Informationally Structured Space Based on Sensor Networks," Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, DOI: 10.1109/FUZZY.2010.5584888, Barcelona, Spain, 2010.

[20] A. Antonietti, C. Casellato, J. A. Garrido, E. D’Angelo and A. Pedrocchi, "Spiking Cerebellar Model with Multiple Plasticity Sites Reproduces Eye Blinking Classical Conditioning," Proc. of the 7th Int. IEEE/EMBS Conf. on Neural Eng. (NER), vol. 2015-July, pp. 296–299, Montpellier, France, 2015.

[21] A. M. George, D. Banerjee, S. Dey, A. Mukherjee and P. Balamurali, "A Reservoir-based Convolutional Spiking Neural Network for Gesture Recognition from DVS Input," Proc. of the IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), DOI: 10.1109/IJCNN48605.2020.9206681, Glasgow, UK, 2020.

[22] J. J. Wade, L. J. McDaid, J. A. Santos and H. M. Sayers, "SWAT: A Spiking Neural Network Training Algorithm for Classification Problems," IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1817–1830, DOI: 10.1109/TNN.2010.2074212, 2010.

[23] A. Jeyasothy, S. Sundaram and N. Sundararajan, "SEFRON: A New Spiking Neuron Model with Time- varying Synaptic Efficacy Function for Pattern Classification," IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks Learn. Syst., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1231–1240, DOI: 10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2868874, 2019.

[24] T. J. Strain, L. J. McDaid, T. M. McGinnity, L. P. Maguire and H. M. Sayers, "An STDP Training Algorithm for a Spiking Neural Network with Dynamic Threshold Neurons," International Journal of Neural Systems, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 463–480, DOI: 10.1142/S0129065710002553, 2010.

[25] GitHub, "GitHub-Hirokazu-Narui/LSTM_wifi_activity_recognition," [Online], Available: https://github .com/Hirokazu-Narui/LSTM_wifi_activity_recognition, (Accessed ON Jan. 03, 2021).